Gas or heat detector, gas or heat generator, flue gas generator, method for testing a gas detector or a heat detector, and method for testing a flue gas detector

ABSTRACT

It is difficult to test gas detectors that are difficult to access. The test device according to the invention is functionally linked with the gas detector or with the heat detector and substantially simplifies testing of such detectors.

[0001] The invention relates to a gas or heat detector, a gas generatoror heat generator in particular for a gas detector or heat detector, anda smoke gas generator, for preference for the simulation of real smokegas, and a method for the testing of a gas detector or a heat detectorand a method for the testing of a smoke gas detector, in which a smokegas generator arranged in the vicinity of the smoke gas detectorgenerates the smoke gas by means of a test medium and in which the smokegas initiates a test of the smoke gas detector.

[0002] Gas detectors and heat detectors, in particular smoke gasdetectors, serve to detect air contamination due to special gases inbuildings, or the heat engendered by fire, and to issue a signal. Thissignal can be a visual or audible signal. For preference this signal isused to activate a mechanism which counteracts the presence of the smokegas, and the spread of smoke gas or fire. Mention may be made in thiscontext of roller doors, which close in such situations in order, forexample, to prevent the spread of fire.

[0003] Gas detectors of this kind, in particular smoke gas detectorsand/or heat detectors, are usually attached to the ceiling of thebuilding, since the smoke gases and/or the heat collect as a rule at theceiling and can so allow for the rapid detection of the smoke gas orfire which is present. In larger halls in particular, such as atairports or concert halls, a large number of gas detectors and heatdetectors are arranged on the ceiling, and are connected by electricleads to a smoke gas detector system which provides for the actuation ofthe correct mechanisms, such as the closing of doors or the operation ofa sprinkler system.

[0004] Such systems have reached a high technical standard, and arehighly reliable in their function. Despite this, it is specified byregulations that these systems be examined at regular intervals, inorder that, among other things, defective gas detectors can be replaced.To do this, the gas detectors are connected to an artificially createdgas, in particular an artificially created smoke gas, so that thisinitiates an alarm which cases the reaction provided for either directlyor via a smoke gas detector system. At airports, for example, theblowing of smoke at a gas detector can cause the closure of a rollerdoor.

[0005] The arrangement of the gas detectors in the ceiling area leads toproblems in particular if extremely high ceiling heights are involvedand the gas detectors are difficult to access as a result. Even withlower ceiling heights, the problem frequently arises that the gasdetectors are arranged behind cladding, and are therefore difficult toaccess.

[0006] In order to inspect smoke gas detectors in particular with regardto their functional efficiency, mobile smoke gas generators inparticular are known. These smoke gas generators are held on a smoke gasdetector until the smoke gas artificially generated by this actuates analarm.

[0007] This involved devices which conduct a test aerosol in a pressurecylinder. A disadvantage with these devices is that, among other things,the pressure cylinder makes them difficult to handle. Likewise, theactuation of such a device is difficult to carry out due to an actuationmechanism which in most cases is complicated and elaborate.

[0008] A further generic type of test device is known from the companyof Hekatron GmbH. This test device used a smoke bar for the generationof smoke gas, which is inserted into a housing on the device, wherebythe housing must be closed again with great care, since it is importantto ensure that a sealing ring which seals a floor or the upper part ofthe housing is not damaged. During the actual testing of the smoke gasdetector, a hose tip of the testing device is then held at the smoke gasdetector, whereby the smoke gas must be expelled by the compression of arubber ball out of the hose tip and onto the smoke gas detector. Inaddition to the unwieldy handling described heretofore, during a pumpcycle an air ventilation hole of the housing must be closed by means ofa finger, so that no smoke gas can escape from this air ventilation holeduring the compression of the rubber ball. In order to fill thecompressed rubber ball with air again, the air ventilation hole of thehousing is cleared, so that fresh air can flow through it into therubber ball of the test device. Such a method is extremely unwieldy ifthe smoke gas detector which is to be tested is suspended high on theceiling.

[0009] Known testing devices for gas detectors or heat detectors in mostcases have, as described, a considerably complicated method ofoperation. Added to this is the fact that the test procedure with theknown testing devices not infrequently must be carried out several timesbecause of frequent failed attempts. Another disadvantage in thissituation is that, due to the prolonged presence of the test aerosols orof the smoke from the smoke bar in or at the smoke detector, longwaiting times are incurred before the smoke gas detector is reset froman alarm state into a normal state.

[0010] The invention is based on the problem of further developing firedetection systems, in particular gas detection and heat detectionsystems, in such a way that they can be more easily examined.

[0011] This problem is resolved on the one hand by a gas detector orheat detector exhibiting a test device which is in operationalconnection with the gas detector or heat detector.

[0012] The term “gas” is understood in this situation to mean allgaseous media, such as, for example, also gases which exhibit solidparticles.

[0013] This accordingly also includes all smoke gases which exhibitsolid particles, so that, as a result, smoke gas detectors can also beaddressed which are have been created in order to detect a smoke gas.

[0014] It is of particular advantage if the test device comprises a gasgenerator and/or a heat generator. As a result of this, it is possibleto impose appropriate preconditions on the test device for testing a gasdetector or heat detector. It is understood that the test device for agas detector exhibits for preference a gas generator and the test devicefor a heat detector for preference exhibits a heat detector. Dependingon the application situation, it may be sensible for a test device tocomprise a gas generator and a heat generator.

[0015] It is understood that the generation of a smoke gas with solidparticles can also be replaced by the generation of a gas without solidparticles. This is an advantage in particular if it is intended to testthe function of a gas detector which responds to the presence of a gaswhich is free of solid particles.

[0016] It is further understood that the terms “gas detector” and “gasgenerator” likewise implies all technical devices which can detect orgenerate a smoke gas. This means that the term “gas detector” alsoimplies a smoke gas detector and the term “gas generator” also implies asmoke gas detector.

[0017] The invention is based on the realisation that a gas generatorcan be provided for at least one gas detector. This gas generator canthen be arranged in the vicinity of the gas detector. By the actuationof the gas generator a smoke gas is produced, for example, which will bedetected by the gas detector so that it issues a signal. The gasgenerator can, for example, be arranged as stationary on buildingceilings. For example, the gas generator is allocated to a special gasdetector by means of individual positioning, so that the gas generatorcan be fixed in any desired position in relation to the gas detector.

[0018] It is also possible, however, for the gas generator and the gasdetector for form one physical unit. This is particularly advantageous,for example, if only a limited structural space is available for thelocating of a gas detector and a gas generator, or if specialregulations in respect of a supervisory authority must be maintained.

[0019] The system according to the invention, consisting of a gasdetector and a gas generator, in particular of a smoke gas detector anda smoke gas generator, does indeed lead to a situation in which a largenumber of smoke gas generators are required in comparison with the priorart. However, because the smoke gas generators no longer have to beconducted to the gas detector when the system is tested, but can beinstalled as stationary, a high costs advantage is incurred, as a rule,for the operator of the system. While hitherto ladders needed to be usedin order to bring a smoke gas generator to a special gas detector, orcladdings had to be removed in an elaborate and expensive manner, it issufficient, with one single installation of the smoke gas generator ineach case in the vicinity of a gas detector, for the smoke gas generatorto be actuated once in order to test the gas detector allocated to it.

[0020] Only if it should happen that the interplay of gas generator andgas detector does not function, and of smoke gas generator and smoke gasdetector in particular, does the technician need to examine the system.If the interplay is functioning, however, it will be ensured that thegas detector is in order and further examinations are, to advantage,therefore superfluous.

[0021] Because with regular examinations of the gas detectors it isfound, as a rule, that the detectors are in good order, and individualunits only need to be replaced in exceptional cases, the gas detectorsaccording to the invention facilitate the work of the service companyand so lead to a considerable costs advantage for the system operator.

[0022] Simple re-equipping of systems with the gas detector according tothe invention is achieved in that a gas generator is arranged next tothe known gas detectors used hitherto. As a result, a gas detectoraccording to the invention is achieved, with which the gas generator isarranged for preference immediately next to the gas detector. The gasgenerator can, for example, be screwed to the ceiling next to the gasdetector as a simple component in existing buildings equipped with gasdetectors. This leads to an economical re-equipping of existing systems,and therefore immediately to a reduction in the maintenance expenditurewithout high investment costs.

[0023] It is proposed for new systems in particular that the gasgenerator be integrated in the gas detector. This results in thecreation of a simple and compact system, which provides both the gasmonitoring system as well as the actual control system. The integrationof gas generator and gas detector further leads to the advantage thatsystem components of the gas detector, such as, for example, the powersupply, can also be used for the gas generator.

[0024] Because gas detection systems, and smoke gas generators inparticular, must be inspected at regular intervals, it is proposed thatthe gas detector should exhibit a time clock. The time clock allows forthe gas detector to be preprogrammed to be tested at regular intervalsof time, in that, at predetermined times, a smoke gas is emitted by thesmoke generator, for example, which necessarily leads to thepredetermined reaction at the gas detector. If the predeterminedreaction is not caused, a more precise examination of the gas detectorand, if appropriate, of the gas generator will be necessary.

[0025] An advantageous alternative embodiment makes provision for thegas generator to exhibit a remote control. A remote control of this typecan be implemented by means of leads or without cables, and allows forthe gas generator to be actuated at any desired times. As a rule, thisserves for the gas detector to be tested. The remote control can alsoserve, however, to bring about the reaction initiated by the gasdetector. For example, a roller door can be closed by means of thisremote control in that a smoke gas is generated which takes effect onthe gas detector and therefore actuates the closure of the roller door.

[0026] It is to advantage if the gas generator is capable of actuationelectrically. For this purpose the gas generator can be provided with apower supply, to which current is then applied if it is intended, forexample, that smoke gas is to be generated.

[0027] One variant embodiment makes provision for the gas generator tobe designed as a component which is independent of electric current. Theenergy which is necessary for the smoke generation or smoke gas releaseis in this case provided by a battery, which for preference isrechargeable. Gas generators of this type, as wireless remote-controlledelements, can be easily installed and easily operated.

[0028] The person skilled in the art is aware that there are variouspossibilities of generating the smoke gases required, depending on theapplication situation.

[0029] One simple embodiment variant makes provision for the gasgenerator to exhibit a gas cartridge. This gas cartridge is filled witha smoke gas which is under pressure, so that, when the gas cartridge isopened, smoke gas is released for as long as the cartridge remains open.The gas cartridge can be filled with different types of gas or a gasmixture, and several different gas cartridges can be arranged in the gasdetector, in order to test the response of the gas detector to differenttypes of gas, in particular to a smoke gas.

[0030] The heat device in this case ensures that, when the gas generatoris actuated, fluid is evaporated and a smoke gas, for example, isreleased. In this situation it is of advantage if the heat device isonly heated when it is intended that the smoke gas should be generated.The fluid container can also be designed as an overpressure container,in such a way that it allows for the fluid to be sprayed. This fluid, ininteraction with the heat device, can generate a gas by evaporation orcombustion, or the fluid or gas emerging from the fluid container isignited, so that the heating device generates an appropriate gas or heatby the combustion of the emerging fluid.

[0031] In order for the gas created to be conducted specifically to thegas detector, it is proposed that the gas generator exhibit a fanblower. This blower must only be switched off if, for example, smoke gasis being generated. In addition, it is also possible for gas detectorswhich are temporarily contaminated with smoke gas, for example, to beblown free again after the detection of the smoke gas. This results inthe substantial shortening of a test cycle, since the gas detector canbe switched back again more rapidly from an alarm state to the normalstate.

[0032] Because it can be difficult, for example in respect ofinstallation or maintenance work, for cartridges under pressure orcontainers filled with fluid to be transported, it is proposed that thegas generator exhibits a solid body which evaporates at least in partduring heating. This solid body can be a plastic element of a wax. Thiswax is for preference heated by a resistor element heated by a currentpassing through it, so that, when the current flows, the heat causes apart of the solid body to evaporate. Such a wax-type solid body can be awater-clear odourless gel. Well-suited for this are gels of hydrocarbonsin the white oil range, which are manufactured with the addition of agel forming agent. Such oils have for preference a boiling point whichis above 250° C. The melting point is for preference at about 80° C.This leads to the situation in which, with such substances, practicallyno evaporation of constituent elements takes place at room temperature.Any burden on the ambient air during the storage of the substances or ofthe volume located in the test device can therefore be reliablyexcluded.

[0033] In practice, long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons are used, of whichabout 1 mg is evaporated per test procedure. This evaporated volume isnot of any relevance with regard to health, since long-chain aliphatichydrocarbons only lead to mechanical irritation of the upper respiratorypassages in high concentrations. The substances described further havethe advantage that they settle in the vicinity of the emission of thesubstance, and the volumes of material released do not lead either tocorrosion or to other negative influences on adjacent electronic ormechanical components.

[0034] This substance can be used to advantage in particular with allthe smoke gas generators described in this Application.

[0035] The problem on which the invention is based is resolved on theone hand by a heat detector, in particular a fire detector, exhibiting aheat generator with which it is in operational connection.

[0036] The term “heat generator” is to be understood to mean alltechnical devices with which a degree of heat can be generated which issufficiently hot to be detected by a heat detector. It is understoodthat use may be made as heat generators of electrical devices, deviceswith an open flame, or similar devices for the generation of heat.

[0037] In a similar way as described heretofore for the gas detector andthe gas generator, it is possible for a heat generator to be providedfor at least one heat detector. This heat generator can then likewise bearranged in the vicinity of the heat detector. The heat generator inthis situation produces a heat of such a degree that it is detected bythe heat detector, so that this issues a signal.

[0038] The heat generator can in this case be arranged, for example,stationary on building ceilings. Thanks to its freely selectablepositioning in each case it is allocated to a special heat detector.

[0039] The system according to the invention, of a heat detector, inparticular a fire detector, and a heat generator, does indeed lead to asituation in which a large number of heat generators are required incomparison with the prior art. However, because the heat generators nolonger have to be brought to the heat detector when the system istested, but can be installed as stationary, a high costs advantage isincurred, as a rule, for the operator of the system. While hithertoladders needed to be used in order to bring a heat generator to aspecial heat detector, or claddings had to be removed in an elaborateand expensive manner, it is sufficient, with one single installation ofthe heat generator in each case in the vicinity of a heat detector, forthe heat generator to be actuated once in order to test the heatdetector allocated to it.

[0040] Only if it should happen that the interplay of heat generator andheat detector, and of fire detector in particular, does not function,does the technician need to examine the system and repair it ifnecessary. If the interplay is functioning, however, it will be ensuredthat the heat detector is in order and further examinations are, toadvantage, therefore superfluous.

[0041] Because with regular examinations of the heat detectors it isfound, as a rule, that the detectors are in good order, and individualunits only need to be replaced in exceptional cases, the heat detectorsaccording to the invention facilitate the work of the service companyand so lead to a considerable costs advantage for the system operator.

[0042] Simple re-equipping of systems with the heat detector accordingto the invention is achieved in that a heat generator is arranged nextto the known heat detectors used hitherto. As a result, a heat detectoraccording to the invention is achieved, with which the heat generator isarranged for preference immediately next to the heat detector. The heatdetector can, for example, be screwed to the ceiling next to the heatdetector as a simple component in existing buildings equipped with heatdetectors. This leads to an economical re-equipping of existing systems,and therefore immediately to a reduction in the maintenance expenditurewithout high investment costs. It is proposed for new systems inparticular that the heat generator be integrated in the heat detector, afire detector in particular. This results in the creation of a simpleand compact system, which provides both the fire monitoring system aswell as the actual control system itself. The integration of heatgenerator and heat detector further leads to the advantage that systemcomponents of the heat detector, such as, for example, the power supply,can also be used for the heat generator.

[0043] Because heat detection systems must be inspected at regularintervals, it is proposed that the heat detector should exhibit a timeclock. The time clock allows for the heat detector to be pre-programmedto be tested at regular intervals of time, in that, at predeterminedtimes, a degree of heat is generated by the heat generator whichnecessarily leads to the predetermined reaction at the heat detector. Ifthe predetermined reaction is not caused, a more precise examination ofthe heat detector and, if appropriate, of the heat generator will benecessary.

[0044] An advantageous alternative embodiment makes provision for theheat generator to exhibit a remote control. A remote control of thistype can be implemented by means of leads or without cables, and allowsfor the heat generator to be actuated at any desired times. As a rule,this serves for the heat detector to be tested. The remote control canalso serve, however, to bring about the reaction initiated by the heatdetector. For example, a roller door can be closed by means of thisremote control in that a degree of heat is generated which takes effecton the heat detector and therefore actuates the closure of the rollerdoor. It is to advantage if the heat generator can be electricallyactuated. The heat generator can be provided with an electricity supplyfor this purpose, on which current is only imposed if it is intendedthat heat should be generated.

[0045] The person skilled in the art is aware that there are variouspossibilities of generating the heat required, depending on theapplication situation. A simple embodiment makes provision for the heatgenerator to exhibit an electrical heating device. This heating deviceis arranged, for example, in the vicinity of an appropriately heatsensitive sensor of the heat detector. If a current now flows through ametallic wire of the electrical heating device, the wire will heat up insuch a way that the sensor of the heat detector detects this source ofheat.

[0046] Another embodiment variant makes provision for the heat generatorto exhibit a fan blower. For example, a heating device is not arrangeddirectly at a sensor of the heat detector, but at a distance intervalfrom it. In order for the heat now to be brought effectively into thevicinity of the heat detector, the fan blower is switched on when theheating device of the heat generator is active. In this situation, hotair passes to the sensor of the heat detector.

[0047] One embodiment variant makes provision for the heat generator tobe designed as a component which is independent of electric current. Theenergy which is necessary for the generation of the heat is produced inthis case by a battery which for preference is rechargeable. Such heatgenerators are in particular easily installable and easy to operate aswireless remote-controlled elements.

[0048] One simple embodiment variant makes provision for the heatgenerator to exhibit a fluid container and an ignition device. The fluidcontainer in this situation contains a combustible medium, which can,for example, flow through a nozzle into the surrounding environment andcan be ignited by an ignition device, so that a flame is produced. Forexample, the heat generator is arranged in such a way that the flame isarranged immediately beneath the heat detector, so that the heatdetector is actuated by the rising heat. It is likewise possible for theflame to heat a metal device to which the sensor of the heat detector isallocated such that, when the metal is heated, the heat detector isactivated. If, for example, an arrangement of a heating device operatedwith fluid is not possible in the immediate vicinity of the heatdetector, it is also possible in this situation for a fan blower tobring the heat from the flame into the vicinity of the heat detector.

[0049] The medium of the fluid container can in this situation be underpressure or pressureless.

[0050] A further embodiment variant makes provision for the heatgenerator to exhibit a solid body, which emits a radiant heat whenactivated. This is, for example, an infra-red lamp which is arranged inthe immediate vicinity of the heat detector, so that, on activation, theradiant heat of the infra-red lamp is sufficient to activate the heatdetectors.

[0051] The problem on which the invention is based is resolved by a gasgenerator or heat generator, in particular for a gas detector or heatdetector which exhibits a fluid container and a capillary tube, wherebyone end of the capillary tube is arranged in the fluid container and theother end exhibits a heating device, and whereby the heating deviceexhibits a remote control.

[0052] A gas generator of this type is especially simple in design andcan be integrated either in known gas detectors or arranged next toknown gas detectors. The capillary tube conveys a small flow of a fluidto a heating device which, provided it is switched on, provides for theevaporation or vaporisation of the fluid. In order for smoke gas to begenerated only at specified times, for example, the heating deviceexhibits a remote control, by means of which it is adjusted. This simpledesign of a gas generator shows that with simple means the highexpenditure on service incurred with smoke gas detectors in particularcan be reduced without safety being prejudiced.

[0053] In order to avoid the overheating of the test medium, thepossibility pertains of temporarily limiting the heating duration of theheating device, so that a switch needs to be activated accordingly forthe renewed activation of the heating device.

[0054] A preferred embodiment makes provision for the gas generator toexhibit a heat conducting body. The heat conducting body ismanufactured, for example, from an electrically conductive metal plate,so that the heatable surface is raised. In this situation the surface ofthe metal plate is far larger than the surface of the wire.

[0055] It is of particular advantage if the heat conducting bodyexhibits an electrical resistor. This resistor is, for example, aconventional commercial Ohmic resistor, with the result that a producttaken from mass production can be used in order to enhance theperformance of the heating device.

[0056] According to a further embodiment it is to advantage if the heatconducting body exhibits a porous material. The porosity of the materialallows for a further substance to be sucked up in the manner of asponge, so that the substance is in close contact with the heatconducting body in the area of the pores. If the heat conducting body orthe electrical resistor is heated, the substance deposited in the porousmaterial evaporates, as a result of which, for example, a smoke gas isproduced.

[0057] If the heat conducting body is not itself a porous body, it is ofadvantage if a porous component is arranged at the heat conducting body.A substance can also be stored in the pores of this porous component.

[0058] In order, for example, to achieve smoke gas production at aspecific point of the porous component and/or to prevent an uncontrolledemergence of the substance from the porous component, it is to advantageif the porous body or the porous component exhibits a surrounding, forpreference a heat-resistant film. Due to the heat-resistant film, thesubstance heated by the porous component will be prevented from beingrendered volatile at an undesired point of the porous component.

[0059] To advantage the surrounding has at least one opening. Forexample, the heat-resistant film exhibits an opening through which theheated substance evaporates or becomes volatile.

[0060] An especially preferred embodiment makes provision for the gasgenerator to exhibit an interface to a network. For example, the gasgenerator is connected to a local network of a building, so that the gasgenerator can be actuated from a central device, for example. Theinterface can in this situation be both cable-connected as well ascableless. It is likewise possible for the gas generator to exhibit notonly a contact to a local network, but, rather, also to a wide areanetwork. For example, a gas generator is connected via a wide areanetwork to a central security service, which is not located directly inthe building with the gas detectors which are to be inspected.

[0061] It is understood that the heat generators described heretoforecan likewise be connected to a network by means of an interface. In thissituation, the same advantages pertain as with the gas generator.

[0062] The problem on which the invention is based is also resolved by asmoke gas generator for the simulation of a real smoke gas, whereby thesmoke gas generator exhibits an electrical heating device for thegeneration of the smoke gas. Such an electrical heating device can beprovided in a wide variety of forms, but particularly preferred is aheat generator which exhibits an electrically conductive wire. Theadvantage with this heat generator is that a degree of heat can begenerated with this without an open flame being used. In order togenerate the heat, all that is required is for a current to be conductedthrough the wire, so that it is heated. An electrical heating device istherefore particularly advantageous.

[0063] A preferred embodiment variant makes provision for the heatingdevice to be an electrical resistor. This is for preference aconventional commercial Ohmic resistor, which can be inserted in asimple manner into an electrically conductive wire. On the one hand theOhmic resistor in particular enhances the heat generation, and, on theother, it increases the surface area which is capable of emitting heat.

[0064] It is of particular advantage if the smoke gas generator exhibitsan electrical blower unit. The electrical blower unit can in thissituation be a small fan which sucks air from the surroundings and thenconducts this through the smoke gas generator, whereby the air conductsthe air conducts the smoke gas through an aperture of the smokegenerator in the direction of a smoke gas detector. It is possible touse any other device which is capable of accelerating air instead of thefan.

[0065] A further embodiment variant makes provision for the smoke gasgenerator to exhibit an electrical energy source. By means of thiselectrical energy source, for example, a current supply can beguaranteed for the heating device and the blower. As an electricalenergy source in this situation a public power network or a solar powerunit may be used. For preference, however, the electrical energy sourcehas a battery or a rechargeable accumulator.

[0066] It is of particular advantage if the smoke gas generator can beactuated electrically. In this situation smoke gas will only begenerated if the heating device or the heat generator is actuatedelectrically, whereby a current then flows from the electrical energysource through the heating device or through the heat generatorrespectively.

[0067] It is proposed according to the invention that the smoke gasgenerator exhibits a heat conducting body. For example, the heatconducting body is manufactured from an electrically conductive metalplate, so that, as a result of the relatively large surface of the metalplate in relation to the surface of the wire, the heatable surface areais increased. It is of particular advantage if the heat conducting bodyis designed in the form of an electrical resistor. This resistor is, forexample, a conventional commercial resistor, with the result that aproduct from mass production can be drawn upon to enhance theperformance of the heating device.

[0068] According to a further embodiment variant, provision is made forthe smoke gas generator to exhibit a heat chamber in which a test mediumis arranged. To advantage the smoke gas is generated by the test medium.

[0069] For preference the heating device is arranged in the heatchamber, so that it is located in the immediate vicinity of the testmedium.

[0070] The test medium can be solid or fluid, and it is to particularadvantage if the test medium comprises a gel-type material which atleast partially dissolves into smoke during the heating. For example,the electrical heating device or the heat conducting body, in particularthe conventional commercial resistor, is located in the gel-type testmedium, so that during the heating a part of the test medium is heatedto such a degree due to the immediate proximity of the heating devicethat it evaporates into a gaseous state, and the smoke gas generatorcreates a smoke gas.

[0071] It has been found that it is to advantage if the test mediumexhibits a mass of less than 5 g, for preference of less than 1 g. Toadvantage, the smoke gas generator according to the invention requiresonly approximately 0.001 g of the gel-type test medium, so that up to600 tests can be conducted with the smoke gas generator according to theinvention without the smoke gas generator being refilled with a testmedium. With a monthly test cycle this corresponds to a service life ofapproximately 40 years. To advantage, the smoke gas generator can berefilled with a new test medium. Due to the small volume of test medium,the weight of the smoke gas generator can be substantially reduced.

[0072] According to a further embodiment of the invention provision ismade for the heating device to be in operational contact with the testmedium. For example, the heating device is arranged in the heat chamberin such a way that it is directly enclosed by the test medium. As aresult of this, the structure of a smoke gas generator is of very simpledesign, as a result of which additional means for the development ofsmoke gas are superfluous.

[0073] Finally, it is proposed that the smoke gas generator exhibits acapillary device. For example, one end of the capillary tube is arrangedin a housing in which the test medium is located. The other end of thecapillary tube, by contrast, exhibits a heating device or is in directoperational contact with the heating device. As a result of thecapillary tube, adhesion forces always cause a part of the test mediumto move in the area of the heating device, which on activation providesfor the smoke evaporation of the test medium.

[0074] For preference the heating device can be remotely controlled, sothat it is only switched on when needed. This is the case, for example,if the smoke gas generator according to the invention is arranged in theimmediate vicinity of the gas detector.

[0075] In order to avoid the over-heating of the test medium, thepossibility pertains of limiting the heating duration of the heatingdevice, so that a switch is accordingly required for reactivation of theheating device.

[0076] A further solution to the problem of the invention makesprovision for a gas generator, in particular a gas generator for thesimulation of a real smoke gas, to be equipped with a collection devicefor the smoke gas which is generated, whereby the collection deviceexhibits at least one means for closing. A collection device for thesmoke gas which is generated is therefore advantageous, because the gasgenerator, due among other things to its restricted structural size, israrely in a position to produce so much smoke gas in a short period oftime, with the result that the volume of smoke gas produced is in mostcases not sufficient to activate a gas detector. If the gas generatornow comprises a collection device, the smoke gas produced will becollected in this, for example, over an extended period of time, andonly released in a procedure after a specific period of time.

[0077] In order for the smoke gas to be retained in the collectiondevice for as long as required until a sufficiently large volume hasbeen produced, the collection device requires at least one means toclose it. This is, for example, a straightforward flap or a valve or thelike. It is not mandatorily required in this case for the means forclosing the collection device to close with a 100% tight seal.

[0078] It is to advantage if the means for closing exhibit a wire, thedesign of which is temperature-dependent. By means of such a wire it ispossible, for example, to actuate the flap in such a way that thecollection device closes or at least partially opens respectively. Inthis situation the wire is for preference of such a design that it canbe shortened or lengthened respectively by an electrical current and thetemperature increase associated with this.

[0079] It is of particular advantage if the means for closing exhibit aNitiuol wire. The Nitiuol wire contracts, for example, when 2.5 Voltsflows through it, as a consequence of the resultant heating, and thenexpands accordingly when it cools down again. In this situation thecontraction of the wire can be used to open the flap.

[0080] It is understood that, as an alternative to this, any otheractuating element or, for example, even a linear motor can be used.

[0081] According to the invention it is further proposed that thecollecting device exhibit a smoke inlet aperture. By means of this smokeinlet aperture it is possible for smoke which is generated to pass, forexample, from the heat chamber of the gas generator into the collectingdevice.

[0082] A preferred embodiment variant makes provision for the collectingdevice to exhibit at least one inlet aperture and/o at least one outletaperture.

[0083] The terms “inlet aperture” and “outlet aperture” respectively areunderstood in this situation to mean that aperture through which, forexample, a volume flow can pass into and out of the collecting device.The inlet aperture and the outlet aperture guarantee that the smoke gascan pass out of the collecting device due to an under-pressure or bymeans of an additional gas. It is also possible for an over-pressure tobe established briefly in the collecting device, which “shoots out” thesmoke gas from the collecting device.

[0084] For preference an air volume flows thorough the inlet and outletaperture respectively.

[0085] It is to particular advantage if the collecting device exhibits agas detector. In order, for example, to check the gas detector withregard to smoke gas development, it is to advantage if the correspondinggas detector is arranged directly in the collecting device of the gasgenerator. For example, the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture areopen in normal operation so that an air volume which circulates in anair-conditioning system, for example, flows at least in part through thecollecting device. As a result of this, it is guaranteed, among otherthings, that the gas detector in normal operation also has the air flowor a part of the air flow passing through it.

[0086] The term “normal operation” is understood to mean in thiscontext, for example, a stationary operation of a system without a faultincident.

[0087] In order now to check the gas detector, the inlet aperture andthe outlet aperture are closed in accordance with the techniquesdescribed heretofore (flap, valve), so that a smoke gas generated by thegas generator cannot escape from the collecting device and thereforecome in direct contact with the gas detector. After a successful checkof the gas detector, the inlet aperture and the outlet aperture of thecollecting device are cleared again, so that the collecting device isblown clear by the air volume flow.

[0088] An advantageous further embodiment of the invention makesprovision for the collecting device to exhibit a tube. The tube is, forexample, of such a design it can be located at a venting channel,whereby a part of the volume flow passing through the venting channelflows through the tube arranged in the venting channel. In thissituation, the tube forms a “bypass” to the actual venting channel. Thisis especially well-suited for the subsequent equipping of a ventingchannel with a fire detection system.

[0089] It is of particular advantage if the collecting device exhibits achanging cross-section. As a result of the changing cross-section, forexample, different pressures and flow volumes take effect inside thecollecting device, which can have a positive effect on the disseminationof the smoke gas.

[0090] An especially simple structural variant makes provision for thecollecting device to exhibit a diffusor. By means of the diffusor,different flow velocities and different pressures can be incurred in thecollecting device and in the tube respectively.

[0091] A preferred embodiment makes provision for the collecting deviceto exhibit a Venturi nozzle. By means of the Venturi nozzle differentpressures and flow velocities can likewise be specifically achieved andput to use in the collecting device.

[0092] It is particularly advantageous if the gas generator is arrangedin the area of the broadening of the cross-section. The broadening ofthe cross-section has the effect in general of reducing the flowvelocity and a reduction of the pressure at the location of thebroadening of the cross-section.

[0093] If a gas generator is arranged in such an area or in the vicinityof such a broadening of the cross-section, this has an advantageouseffect in particular on the expansion of smoke gas inside the collectingdevice.

[0094] It is further proposed according to the invention that the gasgenerator be arranged in a venting channel. At this location a smoke gascan be generated to particularly good effect.

[0095] It is likewise proposed according to the invention that the gasdetector be arranged in a venting channel.

[0096] The arrangement of the gas generator and/or gas detector in theventing channel can be designed especially easily in respect of thestructure, as well as in a particularly space-saving manner.

[0097] The problem on which the invention is based is further resolvedby a method for testing a gas detector, in which at least one gasgenerator arranged decentrally is activated by means of a centralmonitoring device. As a result of the activation, the gas generatorproduces a gas, for preference a smoke gas, which is detected by the gasdetector. In this situation, the gas detector is activated, and issuesan appropriate data signal.

[0098] The term “monitoring device is understood to mean, for example, acentral device in a building in which the safety-relevant functions ofthe building are monitored.

[0099] It is of particular advantage in this situation if a gas detectoris not tested directly on the spot, and therefore needs to be activated,but can instead be tested and activated in a simple manner from acentral device.

[0100] A preferred variant of the method makes provision for the gasdetector to pass the data signal to the central monitoring device and/orto an emergency facility. The central monitoring device is located, forexample, directly in a building, so that all the steps necessary for thetest can be co-ordinated from there.

[0101] It is also to advantage if the data signal is transferredadditionally or exclusively to an emergency facility. An emergencyfacility is, for example, a local fire station or another rescueservice.

[0102] If the data signal is sent in parallel to the central monitoringdevice as well as to the emergency facility, it is to advantage if amessage about the pending test is sent to the emergency facility beforethe test itself. For example, the message can contain data regarding onwhich date and at what time the test will take place, as well asregarding the nature of the test and its duration. For preference theemergency facility is informed automatically by the central monitoringdevice.

[0103] It is proposed according to the invention that at least onesignal line is deactivated between the central monitoring device and theemergency facility and/or at least one signal line between at least onegas detector and the emergency facility. In order for the emergencyfacility, e.g. the fire brigade, not to be brought unintentionally intoan alarm status, it is to advantage if the data line to this emergencyfacility is at least temporarily deactivated.

[0104] Finally, it is proposed that a test report be sent to theemergency facility. Once the test has been concluded it is to advantageif the emergency facility is notified, for example, of the currentstatus of the gas detectors of a building.

[0105] The problem of the invention is likewise resolved by a method fortesting a smoke gas detector in which a smoke gas generator arranged inthe vicinity of the smoke gas detector creates a smoke gas by means of atest medium, and the smoke gas initiates a test of a smoke gas detector,whereby the test medium is caused to evaporate in smoke by an electricalheating device. The smoke gas is in this case conveyed by an electricalblower to the smoke gas detector, whereby, after the test has beeninitiated, the smoke gas detector is vented by means of the blower. Itis to advantage with this process if, according to the invention, thesmoke gas is generated by an electrical heating device, in that a testmedium is caused to evaporate in smoke by the electrical heating device.In this situation the fact is of particular advantage that only a verysmall quantity of a test medium is consumed for the production of thesmoke gas.

[0106] The fact is also to advantage that the smoke gas is blown by anelectrical blower of the smoke gas generator directly into or at thesmoke gas detector, so that a specific smoke application to the smokegas detector takes place, whereby, among other things the purposefulnessof the method causes the effectiveness of a smoke gas detection test tobe substantially increased.

[0107] Once the test frequency of the smoke gas detector has beensuccessfully initiated, it is to particular advantage if the smoke gasdetector is re-vented immediately after the application of the smoke, sothat the test is terminated as quickly as possible. As a result of thespecific re-venting by means of the smoke gas generator according to theinvention, the risk of an undesirable depositing of smoke gas particlesin the smoke gas detector will be reduced.

[0108] It is understood that the gas generators and heat generatorsdescribed heretofore, in particular the smoke gas generators, with alltheir features described, can to advantage be arranged not only asstationary, but can likewise be used as mobile units. To do this it isonly necessary for them to be inserted into an appropriate testingdevice.

[0109] An embodiment of a smoke gas detecting system according to theinvention and embodiment examples of different smoke gas generators arerepresented in the drawings and are explained in greater detailhereinafter. The drawings show:

[0110]FIG. 1A smoke gas detection system consisting of smoke gasdetector and smoke gas generator;

[0111]FIG. 2A smoke gas generator with a heatable and wettable rod;

[0112]FIG. 3A smoke gas generator with a heatable capillary tube;

[0113]FIG. 4A smoke gas generator with smoke cartridges;

[0114]FIG. 5A smoke gas generator with a fluid spray container;

[0115] FIGS. 6 to 9 Widely differing embodiments of heat detectors andcorresponding heat generators;

[0116]FIG. 10A two-part heat chamber;

[0117]FIG. 11A heat chamber shown in part section;

[0118]FIG. 12 An accumulator power source shown in diagrammatic form;

[0119]FIG. 13A resistor and a sleeve with capillary surfaces;

[0120]FIG. 14A diagrammatic representation of a smoke gas generatoraccording to the invention;

[0121]FIG. 15 An alternative smoke gas generator in reciprocal effectwith a smoke gas detector;

[0122]FIGS. 16 and 17 A smoke gas detector in a venting channel

[0123]FIGS. 18 and 19 An alternative smoke gas detector in a ventingchannel

[0124]FIG. 20A further smoke gas detector in a bypass of a ventingchannel

[0125]FIG. 21A smoke gas detector in an alternative bypass of a ventingchannel; and

[0126]FIG. 22A method for the testing of at least one gas detector.

[0127] The smoke gas detection system 1 represented in FIG. 1 consistsof the transmitter 2, the smoke gas generator 3, and the smoke gasdetector 4. In this arrangement, the smoke gas generator 3 and the smokegas detector 4 are fixed to one another in such a way that they are inan operational connection with one another.

[0128] The transmitter 2 consists of a timer 5 and a transmitter device6. The timer 5 therefore allows for the transmitter system 6 to beactuated at specific predetermined times, such as, for example, eachmonth, so that it issues a signal 7. This signal 7 is picked up by theantenna 8 of the smoke gas generator, and the receiver system 9 causesthe valve 10 to open, so that smoke gas is released from the reservoir.The smoke gas cloud 12 which is caused in this process expands and isdetected by the detector 4 arranged in the vicinity. In the event ofdetection, the detector 4 causes an LED 13 to flash and issues a controlsignal via the line 14. By means of this control signal it is possible,for example, for a roller door to be closed or for a sprinkler system tobe switched on.

[0129] The transmitter system 2 is arranged so as to be easilyaccessible, so that it can also be actuated manually. The smoke gasgenerator 3 and the smoke gas detector 4 are arranged for preference inthe ceiling area of buildings, close to one another, so that it isensured that the smoke gas cloud 12 will be detected by the smoke gasdetector 4.

[0130] Depending on the application situation, instead of a smoke gas,any other gas can be generated in order to test a suitable gas detector4 for its effectiveness.

[0131] FIGS. 2 to 5 show different embodiment examples of gasgenerators.

[0132] The smoke gas generator 20 shown in FIG. 2 consists of a fluidreservoir 21, into which a rid 22 is immersed. The rod 22 is mounted soas to be rotatable according to the arrow 23, so that it can be pivotedthrough 45° into the position represented by the dotted line when aradio signal is detected by the receiver 24. Due to the pivoting of therod 22 the rod 22 is connected to the current source in such a way thatit becomes heated and the fluid adhering to it is evaporated. The smokegas cloud 23 which is thereby engendered is blown by the blower 26 inthe direction of the smoke detector (not shown).

[0133] An alternative embodiment of a smoke gas generator 30 isrepresented in FIG. 3. With this smoke gas generator, fluid 33 is suckedout of a reservoir 31 by means of a capillary tube 32. The receiver 34has the effect that, when a signal is received, current flows throughthe heating coil 35 and causes the evaporation of a part of the fluid 33which is sucked up. The blower 36 ensures that the smoke gas cloud 37which is created is then blown towards a detector (not shown).

[0134]FIG. 4 shows a gas generator 40, which allows for two differenttypes of gas to be released. To this effect, two gas cylinders 41, 42are provided for, the outlets of which exhibit valves 43, 44, which areopened by the receiver 45 depending on the signal received. As a resulta gas cloud 46 is formed, which can be detected by a detector (notshown). This smoke gas generator therefore makes it possible to testwhether the detector also responds to different types of gas.

[0135] A further embodiment of a smoke gas generator 50 is shown in FIG.5. With this device a pressure vessel 52 is provided for, filled with afluid 51. A gas buffer 53 under pressure ensures that, when the valve 54is opened, a spray jet 55 is released. This spray jet strikes a heatedsurface 56, so that the sprayed fluid evaporates and creates a gas cloud57. A receiver 58 is connected to the valve 54 in such a way that when asignal is received the valve 54 opens and a spray jet strikes the plate56 and evaporates there. The blower 59 blows the gas cloud 57 to adetector (not shown) in order to actuate the signal there.

[0136] The embodiments shown demonstrate that different gas generatorsare possible in order to generate a gas in a simple manner which can bedetected by a gas detector in order to initiate a signal. The personskilled in the art will recognise that the possibilities for smoke gasgeneration are not restricted to the embodiments described.

[0137] The heat detector 60 represented in FIG. 6 is arranged on theceiling of a building 61 and forms a physical unit with a heat generator62, which is represented in the form of a metal wire 62. If it isintended that the heat detector 60 should now be tested, an electriccurrent is conducted through the metal wire 62, whereby the metal wire62 is heated and the heat generated is sufficient to activate the heatdetector 60.

[0138] The heat detector 60 shown in FIG. 7 is likewise arranged on theceiling 61. Arranged in the vicinity of the heat detector 60 is a heatgenerating system 63, whereby the heat generating system 63 consists ofa heating coil 64 and a blower unit 65. During a test of the heatdetector 60 the incandescent coil 64 is activated, so that theincandescent coil 64 generates heat. This heat is then transferred bymeans of the blower unit 65 and an air flow 66 to the heat detector,such that this detects the heat.

[0139] It is likewise possible for the heat detector 60 to be arrangedon a vertical surface 67. Located beneath the heat detector 60 is a heatgenerator 68, whereby the heat generator 68 exhibits a fluid container69 and an ignition device 70. In this situation, a combustible mediumflows through a nozzle 71, said medium being ignited by the ignitiondevice 70, so that a flame 72 develops heat 73, whereby the rising heat73 actuates the heat detector 60.

[0140] In a further embodiment, the heat detector 60 is in turn arrangedat the ceiling 61. Arranged in the immediate vicinity of the heatdetector 60 is a heat generator 74. The heat generator 74 exhibits aheat radiator unit 75 in the form of an infra-red lamp. If the,infra-red lamp is activated, it generates a radiant heat 76, whichactivates the heat detector 60.

[0141] It is understood that the possibilities described heretofore inrespect of a heat detector and heat generator are not restricted to theembodiments indicated, but that a large number of other embodiments canpertain. It follows from this that the invention can be applied to anydesired heat detector in which provision is made for an appropriate heatgenerator. In this situation the heat detector and the heat generatorare either fixed to one another in such a way that they are in anoperational connection to one another, or the heat generator forms aphysical unit with the heat detector.

[0142] The two-part heat chamber 77 represented in FIG. 10 exhibits aclosure cover 78 and a basic housing 79. The closure cover 78 has in itscentre an opening 80, through which a generated smoke gas 81 rises. Inaddition to this, the closure cover 78 is screwed to the basic housing79 by a large number of screws. The basic housing 79 has two holes 83and 84 in its sides, which accommodate plug contacts for an electricalconnection (not shown here).

[0143] Arranged in the interior of the basic housing 79 is a heatingdevice 85, whereby the heating device 85 exhibits a resistor 86.

[0144] Shown in FIG. 12 is the straightforward design of an electricalcircuit 87 of the smoke gas generator according to the invention. Inthis case, an accumulator 88 serves as the current source, which isconnected by means of a wire connection 89 to a heat conducting body 90(capacitor, Ohmic resistor).

[0145] The arrangement 91 of FIG. 13 shows an Ohmic resistor 92 and acapillary sleeve 93. The external diameter of the Ohmic resistor 92corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the capillary sleeve93. In an area 94, with its lower area 95, the capillary sleeve 93 isarranged in a geltype test medium (not shown here), whereby the gel-typetest medium moves in the inner area between the capillary surfaces 96and 97 by means of capillary forces in the direction of the arrow 98between the two capillary inner surfaces 96 and 97 to the Ohmic resistor92.

[0146] An arrangement 99 of FIG. 14 comprises a smoke gas detector 100,a heat chamber 101, and a fan 102. A smoke gas 104 passes through anaperture 103 of the heat chamber 101 into the immediate surrounding areaof the arrangement 99. The fan 102 blows an air low 105 in the directionof the arrow 106. In this situation the smoke gas 104 is conductedtogether with the air flow 105 and is registered by a detector 107 ofthe smoke gas detector 100, as a result of which an alarm signal isinjected.

[0147] Once the test of the smoke gas detector 100 has been concluded,the development of the smoke gas 104 in the heat chamber 101 issuppressed, in that the electrical heating device 85 is switched off.The air flow 105 from the fan 102 blows the smoke gas detector 100, inparticular the detector 107 of the smoke gas detector 100, free of theremaining smoke gas particles of the smoke gas 104.

[0148] In the embodiment 108, a smoke gas generator 109 and a fan 110are arranged together in a housing 111. The housing 111 exhibits in itsfront area 112 a tube 113, through which a smoke gas 114, generated bythe smoke gas generator 109, is blown by the fan 110. The housing 111 inthis situation is arranged relative to a smoke gas detector 114 in sucha way that the smoke gas 114 passes directly via apertures 116, 117 and118 to the detector of the smoke gas detector 115. By means of the tube113 a specifically-directed flow to the smoke gas detector 115 by smokegas 114 from the smoke gas generator 109 is easily possible.

[0149] The venting channel 119 of FIGS. 16 to 19 exhibits a smoke gasgenerator 120 and a smoke gas detector 121. The smoke gas generator 120and the smoke gas detector 121 are in each case arranged behind oneanother on the mid-axis of the venting channel 119. A volume of air 122flows through the venting channel 119. The volume of air 122 firstimpinges on the smoke gas generator 120 and then on the smoke gasdetector 121.

[0150] The smoke gas generator 120 comprises a smoke gas collectingchamber 123, which is not closed on the side 124 turned away from thesmoke gas detector 121. On the side 125 turned towards the smoke gasdetector 121, the smoke gas collecting chamber 123 exhibits a closureelement 126. Located in the area of the closure element 126 is a closureelement 127, which makes it possible, for preference by means of anelectric pulse, for the flap 126 to be opened.

[0151] If it is now intended that the smoke gas detector 121 should betested, the smoke gas generator is activated, so that it produces asmoke gas 128. This smoke gas 128 collects in the smoke gas collectingchamber 123 until the flap 126 is opened by means of the closure element127, and a concentrated draught of smoke 129 escapes from the smokecollecting chamber 123 in the direction of the smoke gas detector 121.The draught of smoke 129 is drawn along with the volume flow 122 throughthe venting channel 119.

[0152] According to the invention, such a volume of smoke gas 128 cangather in the smoke gas collecting chamber 123 over a sufficiently longperiod of time, so that the collected smoke gas 128 has the effect ofcausing such a strong draught of smoke gas 129 into the venting channel119 that the detectors of the smoke gas detector 121 respond to thesmoke gas draught 129.

[0153] Arranged in the venting channel 119 of FIGS. 18 and 19 is analternative smoke gas generator 130, which, if required, has areciprocal effect on the smoke gas detector 121. The smoke gas detector130 in this embodiment is not arranged on the mid-axis of the ventingchannel 119, but on the inner side 133. The alternative smoke gasdetector likewise comprises a somewhat larger cavity than the smoke gascollecting chamber 132 in which a corresponding smoke gas gathers whenthe smoke gas generator 130 is activated. If sufficient smoke gas iscollected in the smoke gas collecting chamber 132, a flap 134 of thesmoke gas detector 130 is opened by means of a closure element 133, sothat a volume flow 122 can at least in part flow through the smoke gascollecting chamber 132, and thereby carry the smoke gas to a smoke gaspan 135 at the smoke gas detector 121. The closure element 133 iselectrically actuated in this situation, whereby a Nitiuol wire 136contracts and the flap 134 opens.

[0154] The venting channel 119 represented in FIG. 20 exhibits in onearea a passage aperture 137. Arranged at the passage aperture 137 is afirst tube 138, which forms a connection between the venting channel 119and a smoke gas detector 121. Arranged on the outer tube 138 is a smokegas generator 139, which if required can create a smoke gas 140. In theinterior 141 of the first outer tube 138 is a further tube 142, whichlikewise forms a connection between the venting channel 119 and thesmoke gas detector 121.

[0155] A volume of air 122 flows through the venting channel 119. Thevolume of air 123 is conducted partially through the interior 141 of thetube 138 to the smoke gas detector 121. From there the volume of airconducted through the first outer tube 138 passes via the second outertube 142 back into the venting channel again. Because a part of thevolume of air 122 is now always being conducted through the smoke gasdetector 121 via the two tubes 138 and 142, the smoke gas detector is ina position to generate a signal when a smoke gas 140 is present in thevolume of air 122.

[0156] If it is now intended that the smoke gas detector 121 should beinspected, the smoke gas generator 139 is adjusted in such a way that asmoke gas 140 is generated. This smoke gas 140 is now conducted by apart volume 143 of the volume of air 122 via the outer first tube 138 tothe smoke gas detector 121. This is now in a position to detect thesmoke gas 140 and generate a corresponding signal, which indicates thepresence of smoke gas 140.

[0157] The venting channel 119 of FIG. 21 exhibits a bypass 144. Thebypass 144 has an inlet aperture 145, which allows a part volume flow146 of the volume flow 122 to enter into the bypass 144, and an outletarea 147, through which the part volume flow 146 can flow back againinto the venting channel 119. The bypass 144 additionally exhibits asmoke gas generator 148 and a smoke gas detector 121. The bypass isfurther designed in such a way that it exhibits a larger cross-sectionin the area of the smoke gas generator 148 than in the area of the inletaperture 145. As a result of this, the flow velocity of the part volumeflow 146 is reduced in the area of the smoke gas generator 148, as aresult of which an under-pressure occurs in this area. The effect ofthis is that a smoke gas 149 created by the smoke gas generator 148 isdrawn into the bypass 144, and is carried with the part volume flow 146to the smoke gas generator 121.

[0158] The bypass 144 is arranged according to the invention at theventing channel 119 in such a way that a part volume flow 146 of thevolume flow 122 always flows through it. If the volume flow 122 iscarrying a smoke gas with it, this passes via the bypass 144 to thesmoke gas detector 121, which then initiates an appropriate signal. If,by contrast, a smoke gas 149 is only simulated, in order to check thesmoke gas detector 121 for functional performance, the smoke gas 149 iscreated by means of the smoke gas generator 148, and carried with thepart volume flow 146 to the smoke gas detector 121.

[0159] The process sequence represented in FIG. 22 begins with the startof the test, whereby a series of gas generators are activated by meansof a central facility via a network. The activated gas generatorsthereupon at least temporarily emit a gas, whereby the gas is forpreference a smoke gas. The smoke gas in this situation is conducted tothe gas detector in such a way that the smoke gas is detected by a gasdetector allocated to the individual gas generator. The gas detectoractivated by the smoke gas issues a data signal via a network to thecentral facility. The issue of the data signal indicates that the gasgenerator is functioning correctly and is responding to the smoke gas.The central facility which receives the data signal assesses the datasignals being issued. This then brings the test to an end.

[0160] If a data signal from a gas detector does not reach the centralfacility as provided for, the gas detector and the gas generator arechecked manually.

[0161] As an alternative to the procedure described heretofore it ispossible for a data signal to be sent, in parallel to the centralfacility, also to a further facility. This facility is, for example, afire station. If such a direct connection to the fire brigade pertains,then it is to advantage if the fire brigade are informed, for preferenceautomatically, by the central facility about the time schedule andsequence of the test. It is possible, if appropriate, for the centralfacility to deactivate the direct data line to the fire brigadetemporarily, so that the fire brigade are not sent a data signal duringthe test, and therefore, for example, the risk of a false alarm isavoided.

[0162] After the test, the direct data connection to the fire brigade isfor preference automatically re-established.

[0163] The invention is explained on the basis of a smoke gas generatorand a smoke gas detector. It can, however, be applied to any desired gasdetector or heat detector by making provision for an appropriate gasgenerator or heat generator.

1. A gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) or heat detector (60),characterised by a test device which is in operational connection withthe gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) or with the heat detector (60). 2.The gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) according to claim 1, characterisedin that the test device comprises a gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50;109; 120; 130; 139; 158) and/or a heat generator (60).
 3. The gasdetector (4; 100; 115; 121) according to claim 2, characterised in thatthe gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) isarranged next to the gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121).
 4. The gasdetector (4; 100; 115; 121) according to claim 2, characterised in thatthe gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) isintegrated into the gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121).
 5. The gas detector(4; 100; 115; 121) according to one of the foregoing claims,characterised in that the gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) exhibits atimer clock (5).
 6. The gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) according to oneof the foregoing claims, characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20;30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits a remote control.
 7. Thegas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) according to one of the foregoingclaims, characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109;120; 130; 139; 158) can be actuated electrically.
 8. The gas detector(4; 100; 115; 121) according to one of the foregoing claims,characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120;130; 139; 158) is designed as a current-independent component.
 9. Thegas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) according to one of the foregoingclaims, characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109;120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits a gas cartridge (41, 42; 52).
 10. The gasdetector (4; 100; 115; 121) according to one of the foregoing claims,characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120;130; 139; 158) exhibits a fluid container (21; 69) and a heating device.(64; 75; 85).
 11. The gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) according to oneof the foregoing claims, characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20;30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits a blower unit (59; 65;102; 110).
 12. The gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) according to one ofthe foregoing claims, characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20;30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits a solid body of which atleast a part evaporates under heating.
 13. A heat detector (60),characterised in that the heat generator (62; 63; 68; 74) is arrangednext to the heat detector (60).
 14. The heat detector (60) according toclaim 14, characterised in that the heat generator (62; 63; 68; 74) isintegrated into the heat detector (60).
 15. The heat detector (60)according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterised in that the heatdetector (60) exhibits a timer clock (5).
 16. The heat detector (60)according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterised in that the heatgenerator (62; 63; 68; 74) exhibits a remote control.
 17. The heatdetector (60) according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterised in thatthe heat generator (62; 63; 68; 74) can be actuated electrically. 18.The heat detector (60) according to one of claims 13 to 17,characterised in that the heat generator (62; 63; 68; 74) exhibits anelectrical heating device (64; 75; 85).
 19. The heat detector (60)according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterised in that the heatgenerator (62; 63; 68; 74) exhibits a blower unit (65; 102; 110). 20.The heat detector (60) according to one of claims 13 to 19,characterised in that the heat generator (62; 63; 68; 74) is designed asa current-independent component.
 21. The heat detector (60) according toone of claims 13 to 20, characterised in that the heat generator (62;63; 68; 74) exhibits a fluid container (21; 69) and an ignition device(70).
 22. The heat detector (60) according to one of claims 13 to 21,characterised in that the heat generator (62; 63; 68; 74) exhibits asolid body, which emits heat radiation (73; 76) when activated.
 23. Agas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) or heatgenerator (62; 63; 68; 74), in particular for a gas detector (4; 100;115; 121) or heat detector (60) according to one of the foregoingclaims, with a fluid container (21; 69) and a capillary tube, wherebyone end of the capillary tube (32; 33) is arranged in the fluidcontainer (21; 69) and the other end exhibits a heating device (64; 75;85), and whereby the heating device (64; 75; 85) exhibits a remotecontrol.
 24. The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139;158) characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109;120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits a heat conducting body (86; 90; 93). 25.The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) accordingto claim 24, characterised in that the heat conducting body (86; 90; 93)exhibits an electrical resistor.
 26. The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40;50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 24 or 25,characterised in that the heat conducting body (86; 90; 93) exhibits aporous body.
 27. The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130;139; 158) according to one of claims 24 to 26, characterised in that aporous component is arranged at the heat conducting body (86; 90; 93).28. The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158)according to one of claims 26 to 27, characterised in that the porousbody or the porous component exhibits a surrounding, for preference aheat-resistant film.
 29. The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120;130; 139; 158) according to claim 28, characterised in that thesurrounding exhibits at least one opening (80; 103).
 30. The gasgenerator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to oneof claims 24 or 29, characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20; 30;40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits an interface to a network. 31.A smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158), forpreference for the simulation of a real smoke gas (12; 25; 37; 46; 57;81; 104; 114; 128; 132; 149), characterised in that the smoke gasgenerator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits anelectrical heating device (64; 75; 85) to generate the smoke gas (12;25; 37; 46; 57; 81; 104; 114; 128; 132; 149).
 32. The smoke gasgenerator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according toclaim 31, characterised in that the heating device (64; 75; 85) is anelectrical resistor (92).
 33. The smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40;50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 31 or 32,characterised in that the smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109;120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits an electrical blower unit (59; 65; 102;110).
 34. The smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130;139; 158) according to one of claims 31 to 33, characterised in that thesmoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158)exhibits an electrical energy source (88).
 35. The smoke gas generator(3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims31 to 34, characterised in that the smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40;50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) can be actuated electrically.
 36. The smokegas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according toone of claims 31 to 35, characterised in that the smoke gas generator(3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits a heat conductingbody (86; 90; 93).
 37. The smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109;120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 31 to 36, characterisedin that the smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139;158) exhibits a heat chamber (77; 101) in which a test medium isarranged.
 38. The smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130;139; 158) according to claim 37, characterised in that the heatingdevice (64; 75; 85) is arranged at the heat chamber (77; 101).
 39. Thesmoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158)according to one of claims 31 to 38, characterised in that the testmedium comprises a gel-type material, which at least partiallyevaporates into smoke when heated.
 40. The smoke gas generator (3; 20;30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 31 to39, characterized in that the test medium exhibits a mass of less than 5g, and for preference less than 1 g.
 41. The smoke gas generator (3; 20;30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 31 to40, characterised in that the heating device (64; 75; 85) is inoperational contact with the test medium.
 42. The smoke gas generator(3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims31 to 41, characterised in that the smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40;50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) exhibits a capillary device (32, 43).
 43. Agas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158), inparticular for the simulation of a real smoke gas (12; 25; 37; 46; 57;81; 104; 114; 128; 132; 149) with a collecting device (125; 132; 144)for the smoke gas generated (12; 25; 37; 46; 57; 81; 104; 114; 128; 132;149), characterised in that the collecting device (125; 132; 144)exhibits at least one means for closure (126; 134).
 44. The gasgenerator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according toclaim 43, characterised in that the means for closure (126; 134) exhibita wire (136) of which the appearance is temperature dependent.
 45. Thegas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according toone of claims 43 or 44, characterised in that the means for closure(126; 134) exhibit a Nitiuol wire (136).
 46. The gas generator (3; 20;30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 43 to45, characterised in that the collecting device (125; 132; 144) exhibitsa smoke inlet aperture (80; 103).
 47. The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40;50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 43 to 46,characterised in that the collecting device (125; 132; 144) exhibits atleast one inlet aperture and/or at least one outlet aperture.
 48. Thegas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according toone of claims 43 to 47, characterised in that the collecting device(125; 132; 144) exhibits a gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121).
 49. The gasgenerator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to oneof claims 43 to 48, characterised in that the collecting device (125;132; 144) exhibits a tube (138; 137; 144).
 50. The gas generator (3; 20;30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 43 to49, characterised in that the collecting device (125; 132; 144) exhibitsa changing cross-section.
 51. The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109;120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 43 to 50, characterisedin that the collecting device (125; 132; 144) exhibits a diffusor. 52.The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) accordingto one of claims 43 to 51, characterised in that the collecting device(125; 132; 144) exhibits a Venturi nozzle.
 53. The gas generator (3; 20;30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 43 to52, characterised in that the gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109;120; 130; 139; 158) is arranged in the area of a broadening of thecross-section.
 54. The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130;139; 158) according to one of claims 43 to 53, characterised in that thegas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) is arrangedin a venting channel (119).
 55. The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50;109; 120; 130; 139; 158) according to one of claims 43 to 54,characterised in that the gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) is arranged ina venting channel (119).
 56. A method for testing the gas detector (4;100; 115; 121) in which a) At least one gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40;50; 109; 120; 130; 139; 158) arranged decentrally is activated by acentral monitoring device, b) The gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109;120; 130; 139; 158) in this situation generates a gas, for preference asmoke gas (12; 25; 37; 46; 57; 81; 104; 114; 128; 132; 149), c) The gasdetector (4; 100; 115; 121) detects the smoke gas (12; 25; 37; 46; 57;81; 104; 114; 128; 132; 149), and the gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) isthereby activated, and the gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) transmits adata signal.
 57. The method according to claim 56, characterised in thatthe gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) transits the data signal to thecentral monitoring device and/or to an emergency facility.
 58. Themethod according to one of claims 56 or 57, characterised in that theemergency facility is provided before the test with information aboutthe pending test.
 59. The method according to one of claims 56 to 58,characterised in that at least one data line between the centralmonitoring facility and the emergency facility and/or at least onesignal line between at least one gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) and theemergency facility is deactivated.
 60. The method according to one ofclaims 56 to 59, characterised in that the emergency facility is sent atest report.
 61. The method for testing a smoke gas detector (4; 100;115; 121), in which a smoke gas generator (3; 20; 30; 40; 50; 109; 120;130; 139; 158) arranged in the vicinity of the smoke gas detector (4;100; 115; 121) generates a smoke gas (12; 25; 37; 46; 57; 81; 104; 114;128; 132; 149) by means of a test medium, and in which the smoke gas(12; 25; 37; 46; 57; 81; 104; 114; 128; 132; 149) initiates a test ofthe smoke gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121), characterised in that thetest medium is evaporated into smoke by means of an electrical heatingdevice (64; 75; 85) and the smoke gas (12; 25; 37; 46; 57; 81; 104; 114;128; 132; 149) is conveyed by an electrical blower unit (59; 65; 102;110) to the smoke gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121), and after the test ofthe smoke gas detector (4; 100; 115; 121) is vented by means of theblower unit (59; 65; 102; 110).